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英語復合句的省略用法
導語：省略是為了避免重復、突出新信息 并使上下文緊密連接的一種語法修辭手段。下面YJBYS小編分享英語復合句的省略用法，歡迎參考!
一、在對話、交談中
1. 回答問題時，往往可省略從句或主句中的某些成分、甚至整個從句或主句。如：
(1) —Where were you when the fire broke out last night? 昨天晚上發生火災時，你在哪?
—(I was ) In Li Lei’s. 在李蕾家。
(2) —What will you do when you finish your homework? 你做完作業后干什么?
—I’ll go to play football with some friends. 我去跟朋友踢足球。
(3) —What are you going to be when you grow up? 你長大后打算干什么?
—I’m going to be a businessman. 我打算去做生意。
2. 提出建議、勸告、警告或許諾等時，也可省略句子中的某些成分。如：
(1) Work harder, and you’ll succeed. 工作再努力些，你就會成功。
(2) Take care when you walk on the ice. 在冰上行走時要小心。
(3) Hurry up, or you’ll be late. 快一點，不然就會遲到了。
二、某些句型中
1. 表示時間、條件、讓步、方式等狀語從句中，如果從句的主語跟主句的主語一致或從句的主語是it，而謂語動詞是系動詞be時，就可將從句的主語及系動詞 be 省略。如：
(1) Solid can be turned into liquid and liquid into gas if heated enough. =solid can be turned into liquid and liquid can be turned into gas if it is heated enough. 如果加到足夠的熱，固體會變成液體，而液體又會變成氣體。
(2) Have a little more if delicious. =You have a little more if it is delicious 如果好吃就多吃一點。
(3) Make changes where necessary. =You make changes where it is necessary. 在必要的地方作些修改。
(4) I won’t attend his party, though invited a few days ago. = I won’t attend his party, though I was invited a few days ago. 盡管幾天前請了我，但我還是不會參加他的聚會。
2. 表示時間、條件、讓步、方式等狀語從句中，如果從句的'主語跟主句的主語一致，就可將從句的主語省略，同時，將從句中的謂語動詞變為分詞形式。如：
(1) He was very excited when told that he had passed the exam. =He was very excited when he was told that he had passed the exam. 當告訴他考試通過了時，他非常興奮。
(2) If running a little faster, he will take the first place. =If he runs a little faster, he will take the first place. 如果再跑快一點，他就會獲得第一名。
(3) They began to talk warmly as if being good friends. =They began to talk warmly as if they were good friends. 他們就好像是好朋友一樣開始熱烈地談論起來。
3. 條件從句中的主語是第二人稱時，可將if及從句的主語省略成為祈使句，從而用and / or 等將兩句連接起來，成為并列句。如：
(1) Give me ten more minutes, and I’ll finish it. = If you give me ten more minutes, I’ll finish it. 多給我十分鐘，我就會把它完成了。
(2) Drive slowly, or you’ll get a fine. = If you don’t drive slowly, you’ll get a fine. 開慢一點，否則你就會被罰。
有時，這個句型可進一步省略，成為：more + 名詞，and + 句子。如：
A little more effort, and you get it finished. = If you make a little more effort, you’ll get it finished. 再努力一點，你就會把它完成了。
4. 比較狀語從句中，常將從句中與主句中的相同成分省略。如：
(1) The weather in the south is much better than in the north. = The weather in the south is much better than the weather in the north is good. 南方的天氣比北方的天氣好多了。
(2) The Beijing you see today is much more beautiful than it was twenty years ago. = The Beijing you see today is much more beautiful than it was beautiful twenty years ago. 你今天所看到的北京比二十年前的北京漂亮多了。
注意：當比較的主句和從句都為及物動詞帶賓語時，從句省略后，留下的代詞用主格或賓格時，意思不同。如：
He likes the dog better than she. 他比她更喜歡那條狗。
He likes the dog better than her. 他喜歡那條狗甚于喜歡她。
因此，從句的主語若為名詞，省略謂語部分后須加助動詞do 的適當形式，否則就會產生歧義。如：
He likes his dog better than his wife does. 他比他的妻子更喜歡那條狗。
He likes his dog better than his wife. 他喜歡那條狗甚于喜歡他的妻子。
5. 名詞性從句中的一部分省略。如：
(1) He was late this morning, but I don’t know why. 他今天早晨吃到了，但我不知道他遲到的原因。
(2) He got here this morning, but do you know how? 他今天早晨就到這兒了，但我不知道他是怎么來的。
6. 主句中的一部分省略。如：
(1) Glad to hear that you succeeded in finding the answer. 聽說你成功地找到了答案，我很高興。
(2) What if he did come today? 要是他今天不來，那怎么辦呢?
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