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解析四級(jí)英語(yǔ)寫作中的垂懸結(jié)構(gòu)現(xiàn)象
所謂垂懸結(jié)構(gòu)是指非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)和介詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，其邏輯主語(yǔ)必須與主句的主語(yǔ)保持一致，否則構(gòu)成一種語(yǔ)病，稱為垂懸結(jié)構(gòu)或非附著結(jié)構(gòu)。這是大學(xué)四級(jí)英語(yǔ)寫作中常見(jiàn)的錯(cuò)誤現(xiàn)象之一，嚴(yán)重影響對(duì)文章完整意思的準(zhǔn)確理解。下面是小編帶來(lái)的解析四級(jí)英語(yǔ)寫作中的垂懸結(jié)構(gòu)現(xiàn)象，希望對(duì)你有幫助。
四級(jí)英語(yǔ)寫作中垂懸結(jié)構(gòu)現(xiàn)象
1、垂懸結(jié)構(gòu)不定式。To make friends， honesty is important.句中不定式短語(yǔ)To make friends 的主語(yǔ)應(yīng)該是人，而主句的主語(yǔ)是honesty，兩者不一致，構(gòu)成了垂懸結(jié)構(gòu)。有三種改正方法：
(1) 將不定式短語(yǔ)改成相應(yīng)的狀語(yǔ)從句，可更正為：If onewants to make friends， honesty is important.
(2) 對(duì)主句做必要改動(dòng)，使句子的主語(yǔ)與不定式短語(yǔ)的邏輯主語(yǔ)一致，可更正為：To make friends， one must be honest.
(3) 給不定式短語(yǔ)加上自己的邏輯主語(yǔ)，可更正為：For one to make friends， honestyis important.
2、垂懸結(jié)構(gòu)分詞。Spreading to the left， he jumped downfrom the armchair. 根據(jù)此句話的意思，分詞短語(yǔ)的隱含邏輯主語(yǔ)應(yīng)該是the fire，而句子的主語(yǔ)是he，兩者不一致，構(gòu)成了垂懸結(jié)構(gòu)。有兩種改正方法：
(1)給分詞短語(yǔ)帶上一個(gè)自己的邏輯主語(yǔ)，使之成為一個(gè)獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，可更正為，The firespreading to the left， he jumped down from the armchair.
(2)將分詞短語(yǔ)改成相應(yīng)的狀語(yǔ)從句，可更正為：As/ When the firespread to the left， he jumped down from the armchair.
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大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)寫作5類常用句型
1.用于描寫漫畫圖表的常用句型
① As the graph depicts,…
② From the picture we can see that…
③ According to the statistics shown in the first/second graph,…
④ The table shows/indicates/reveals that…
⑤ It can be seen/concludedfromthe picture/table/figures that…
2.用于句首提出論點(diǎn)或現(xiàn)象的句型
① Recently,…h(huán)as become the focus of society.
② …h(huán)as been playing an increasingly important role in our daily life.
③ Nowadays, there is a growing concern for…
④ Nowadays, it is common to hear/see…
⑤ …h(huán)as become a common occurrence in our daily life.
⑥ Nowadays, more and more people are beginning to be aware of the seriousness of…
⑦ It is only during the last/past few years that men have become generally aware that…
⑧ There is an old/a popular saying/proverb that says/goes…
⑨ In recent years, there is a general tendency…
⑩ Nowadays,…h(huán)as become a problem we have to face.
3.用于比較闡述不同觀點(diǎn)的常用句型
① Some people like/prefer…, while others feel/are inclined to…
② There are different opinions among people as to…
③ Some people claim that…is superior to… Others, however, disagree with it.
④ Some people believe that… Others maintain that… Still others claim that…
⑤ Some people suggest… Others, however, hold the opposite opinion.
⑥ On the one hand, people tendto… On the other hand, they feel…
⑦ Some people argue that… Others, in contrast, believe that…
⑧ Although more and more people come to believe that…, there are still others who insist that…
⑨ On the contrary, there are people in favor of…
⑩ There are some people who hold different opinions about…
4.用于陳述個(gè)人觀點(diǎn)的句型
① My own experience tells me that…
② In my opinion, we should attach more importance to…
③ As for my own idea about…, I believe…
④ As far as I am concerned, I plan to…
⑤ Personally, I prefer…
⑥ In my view, both sides are partly right in that…
⑦ But for me, I would rather…
⑧ My point of view is that…
⑨ In conclusion, I support the statement that…
⑩ As for me, I tendto choose…
5.用于結(jié)尾的常用句型
① From what has been discussed/mentioned above, we may conclude that…
② Therefore, it is not difficult to draw/come to the conclusion that…
③ It is high time that something was done about…
④ From all the reasons/considerations above, it is evident/clear/obvious that…
⑤ Taking all these factors into account, we may reach the conclusion that…
⑥ Given the reasons I have just outlined/discussed/presented, I strongly recommendthat…
英語(yǔ)四級(jí)寫作三大正文段
1.段內(nèi)并列
分析某事物時(shí)，用此句型說(shuō)明其主要原因或者多方面原因
例如：Why…? For one thing …For another …There are many reasons for this problem. First /For one thing …Second / For another …Third/ Still another …
2.段內(nèi)延伸
例如：In involves some serious consequence for …
3.段內(nèi)對(duì)照
(1)肯定其中一個(gè)
The benefits gainedfromB are much greater than that of A.
(2)二者有共同點(diǎn)
A and B have several things in common .They are similar in that…
英語(yǔ)四級(jí)寫作如何避開跑題
英語(yǔ)四級(jí)寫作指導(dǎo)：1個(gè)宗旨
一般建議在作文的最后一段點(diǎn)出作文的宗旨，也即我們所說(shuō)的"點(diǎn)題"。文章最后一段重申和強(qiáng)調(diào)作文主題，使閱卷老師非常輕松地找到文章的主旨，判斷考生是否"切題"，給閱卷老師節(jié)省了時(shí)間，自然會(huì)得到一些額外的"好感分"。
英語(yǔ)四級(jí)寫作指導(dǎo)：2個(gè)范圍
任何一個(gè)作文題目，假如能夠成為一個(gè)"可以讓人探討的話題"，勢(shì)必需要"事關(guān)人"或者"事關(guān)物"，也許不要"事關(guān)重大"，但是必須是有話可說(shuō)的。
"人"或"物"，就是四六級(jí)作文的兩個(gè)命題范圍：
(1)關(guān)于"人"的文章，一般涉及"個(gè)人成長(zhǎng)成功心態(tài)哲理話題價(jià)值觀品質(zhì)習(xí)慣"等"較為抽象"的話題。這種話題重在強(qiáng)調(diào)人的"內(nèi)在品質(zhì)"，強(qiáng)調(diào)"積極意義教育價(jià)值"，命題旨在教育考生"做一個(gè)什么樣的人"。因此，與人有關(guān)的"成長(zhǎng)類心態(tài)類和哲理類話題"是第一個(gè)命題的范圍。
(2)關(guān)于"物"的文章，一般涉及"社會(huì)事務(wù)社會(huì)現(xiàn)象"等較為"具體實(shí)在"的話題。這種話題重在強(qiáng)調(diào)"社會(huì)事件和現(xiàn)象"，旨在考察考生的"觀察問(wèn)題分析問(wèn)題解決問(wèn)題"的實(shí)質(zhì)能力。諸如2012年6月的四級(jí)考試"excessive package of products"(商品過(guò)度包裝)2012年12月四級(jí)考試education pays (教育的回報(bào))以及2013年6月六級(jí)的地球資源與人類的需求和貪欲，考察的都是關(guān)于"物"的實(shí)在現(xiàn)象。
英語(yǔ)四級(jí)寫作指導(dǎo)：3種屬性
所謂"屬性"，說(shuō)的是作文的話題的"性別"--作文的話題是正面的負(fù)面的還是中性的?確定了作文的"屬性"，加上作文考察的"范圍"，對(duì)整個(gè)文章的展開會(huì)有重大的作用。
正如數(shù)學(xué)概念中的"坐標(biāo)軸"，有"原點(diǎn)負(fù)面和正面"三個(gè)概念。作文的主題，也同樣可以分為"中性話題負(fù)面話題和正面話題"三類。通常而言，
(1)"負(fù)面消極話題"需要在作文的二三段闡述這個(gè)負(fù)面話題產(chǎn)生的原因危害弊端和解決的措施策略;
(2)"中性一般話題"需要闡述這個(gè)話題或現(xiàn)象產(chǎn)生的原因，并且適當(dāng)發(fā)表個(gè)人見(jiàn)解看法;
(3)"正面積極話題“，則盡量論述這個(gè)話題的意義重要性和價(jià)值以及這個(gè)話題對(duì)考生帶來(lái)的啟發(fā)。
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